The first debate emerged after WW I brought up by the liberals who reveals that war is not the only way to solve the problems at that time. in addition, the impact caused by the war also affects the economy of the country concerned in the war had become unmanageable. then the estabishment of the league of nations by Woodrow Wilson in one of the plans that aim to create world peace and order were then not able to surviveto quell the turmoil of conflict in Europe that ultimately led to WW II.
it was later criticized by realist that in view on the comprehensive an in-depth against liberalism is of EH Carr, he argues that the are conflicts of interest in both between countries and between communities so that international relations is essentially about the struggle between the conflicting interests (Jackson & Sorensen, 1999,54)
Realist perspective that puts the country on the composition oh the top hierachy where there is no power and other higher institution of the country resulted in a country have an absolute right to pursue and defend its nationtal interests. such as Thomas Hobbes's statement that the views of these countries seen as essential to the lives of its citizens without state guarantees the tools and conditions that promote the safety and well being, human life becomes restricted (Hobbes, 1946, 82)
That certainly is contrary to the views of liberals. and at the end of the realist out as winners in the first debate because the views are considered more objective and realistic
Traditionalism vs Behavioralism
The second debate occured at the time of the Cold War where the constellation of the international system centered on two major countries who became the winner of the WW II, namely the united states and the Soviet Union. both countries wanted methods to study the most effective policies in maintaining the rivalry interaction. then, the focuses to the issue of the methodology used in attempt to achieve their national interests are traditionalism and positivism
Traditionalism is more directed to the study of international relations as a social science approach which can be done through an understanding of the history and practice of diplomacy, history and the role of International Law. political theory in sovereign state (Jackson & Sorensen, 1999, 61).
This is where the debate because the basic idea is very contradictory. and from each of those views no winner. but the positivism bring significant contribution to the development of IR studies to date because the use data quite significant research results
Realism vs Pluralism vs Structuralism
Realism, liberalism, and marcism together considered to be inolbed in a interparadigm debate in the 1980s, with realism became the dominant perspective among the three.
Michael Banks (19850 formulate this debate by using a number of models. burton concluded that this debate occured between realism, the state-centered or state-centric approach (billiard Ball model). and pluralism. a network of transnational and transgovermental numerous actors and processes (Cobweb Model) then added by him, there was structuralism, multi-headed octopus model which consists of powerful tentacles constantly sucking wealth from the weakened peripheries towards the powerful centers (Guzzini 1998) all three argue about the primariy actors, dynamics, dependent variables and the scope of the study of international relations according to their own philosophical and theoretical standing. somehow, the are incommensurable because many features of each school were not shared by each other
Positivism vs Post-Modernism
Great debate going on positivism and postmodernism was the fourth major debate that occurred in the 1990s where the constellation of international system in that period entered the post-cold war era and an important period in which the study of international relations experiencing rapid development. so that the debate was happening at that time bring together the traditions that have been established with alternative appoarch, also known as post-postivist
post-positivist itself is understood that broad that include the views of different methodological, which consists of critical theory, post-modernism, costructivism, and a normative theory (Jackson & Sorensen 1999, 299) that each of these approaches try to critize approaches which has been established in the past. the debate between positivism and postmodernism itself came to light after the encouragement and skepticims of the psotmodernists towads positivism about an objective truth in science.
the main thing, a contentious issue, between the two perspectives is due to different views and interpretations about whether there is an objective truth that applies universally in science. positivists are considered to have had an established method laims that objective truth can be obtained through scientific procedure that have been made that can ultimately find and objective truth. on the other hand the postmodernists appear to provide resistance to the positivists and tried to explain that there is no absolute truth in science, especially social science whose primary object is a human being, whereas everything related to humans is subjective and not objective as stated by positivists.
there is no denying that fat postomoderni approach has been widely attacked by mainstream groups as too theoretical and not give attention to the real world. in response, the postmodenists replied that there is no so-called real world because man himself will not be able to interpet every reality (Smith, 1997, 242)
Sumber: App Playstore Theories & Debates
Realism vs Pluralism vs Structuralism
Realism, liberalism, and marcism together considered to be inolbed in a interparadigm debate in the 1980s, with realism became the dominant perspective among the three.
Michael Banks (19850 formulate this debate by using a number of models. burton concluded that this debate occured between realism, the state-centered or state-centric approach (billiard Ball model). and pluralism. a network of transnational and transgovermental numerous actors and processes (Cobweb Model) then added by him, there was structuralism, multi-headed octopus model which consists of powerful tentacles constantly sucking wealth from the weakened peripheries towards the powerful centers (Guzzini 1998) all three argue about the primariy actors, dynamics, dependent variables and the scope of the study of international relations according to their own philosophical and theoretical standing. somehow, the are incommensurable because many features of each school were not shared by each other
Positivism vs Post-Modernism
Great debate going on positivism and postmodernism was the fourth major debate that occurred in the 1990s where the constellation of international system in that period entered the post-cold war era and an important period in which the study of international relations experiencing rapid development. so that the debate was happening at that time bring together the traditions that have been established with alternative appoarch, also known as post-postivist
post-positivist itself is understood that broad that include the views of different methodological, which consists of critical theory, post-modernism, costructivism, and a normative theory (Jackson & Sorensen 1999, 299) that each of these approaches try to critize approaches which has been established in the past. the debate between positivism and postmodernism itself came to light after the encouragement and skepticims of the psotmodernists towads positivism about an objective truth in science.
the main thing, a contentious issue, between the two perspectives is due to different views and interpretations about whether there is an objective truth that applies universally in science. positivists are considered to have had an established method laims that objective truth can be obtained through scientific procedure that have been made that can ultimately find and objective truth. on the other hand the postmodernists appear to provide resistance to the positivists and tried to explain that there is no absolute truth in science, especially social science whose primary object is a human being, whereas everything related to humans is subjective and not objective as stated by positivists.
there is no denying that fat postomoderni approach has been widely attacked by mainstream groups as too theoretical and not give attention to the real world. in response, the postmodenists replied that there is no so-called real world because man himself will not be able to interpet every reality (Smith, 1997, 242)
Sumber: App Playstore Theories & Debates
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